Answer Explanations

1. 793. Paragraph 2: “During their first expedition, in 793, a force of Viking

warriors sacked the famed abbey at Lindisfarne, on England’s northeast coast.”

2. 980. Paragraph 3: “In 980, an Icelandic assembly found a man named Eric

‘the Red’ Ericson guilty of murder and sent him into exile.”

3. 841. Paragraph 4: “To the west, they conquered coastal portions of Ireland,

and in 841 founded Dublin, today a major Irish city, but originally a Viking

fort.”

4. 911. Paragraph 5: “French King Charles III the Simple in 911 offered the

Viking chief Rollo territories in northwest France, called Normandy, after the

Normans or ‘Northmen . . .

5. 1066. Paragraph 5: “in 1066, under William, Duke of Normandy [they],

defeated King Harold at the battle of Hastings in England.”

6. (D) Paragraph 1: “In fact, the term Viking, in Old Norse, means ‘to go on an

expedition.5”

7. (H ) Paragraph 3: “There they established the first European settlement in the

New World, called ‘Vinland.’”

8. (F) Paragraph 4: “Vikings from Denmark, meanwhile, ravaged large swaths of

England and France.”

9. (G) Paragraph 6: “The Moors catapulted flaming projectiles onto the Viking

vessels, forcing a retreat.”

10. (B) Paragraph 7: “In 902, hundreds of Varangians served as marines during a

Byzantine naval assault on the island of Crete.”

11. (O) Paragraph 8: “Viking merchants on horseback penetrated far into the

Asian heartland, trading with towns on the Caspian and Black seas.”

12. (C) Paragraph 9: “the Rus moved their capital southward to Kiev, later the

capital of Ukraine.”

13. (K) Paragraph 10: “Another important Viking market town was Bulgar, on

the Volga River.”

PASSAGE 2

14. No. Paragraph 1: “It is not related to intellectual ability

15. Yes. Paragraph 1: “Children are generally diagnosed with dyslexia during the

elementary school years when they are learning how to read and spell.”

16. Yes. Paragraph 2: “Many dyslexic children read letters and words backwards .

17. Not Given. Genetic research with twins is mentioned, but a tendency for

dyslexia between twins is not.

18. Not Given. There is no mention of drug treatment for dyslexia.

19. Yes. Paragraph 5: “Dyslexic children often exhibit behavior that seems abnormal

but is caused by frustration at their own inability to perform at the same

level as their peers.”

20. No. Paragraph 6 explains that dysgraphia describes difficulty with writing;

difficulty with math is called dyscalculia.

21. (A) Paragraph 3: “Toddlers who talk much later than average...may develop

other dyslexic symptoms.”

22. (B ) Paragraph 3: “have difficulty learning new words

23. (D ) Paragraph 3: “As children begin school, teachers are trained to look for

warning signs, such as an inability to recognize letters or spaces between words

on a page or difficulty following instructions given with more than one command

at a time.”

76 Academic Module

24. (B ) Paragraph 4: “Phonological training, which involves identifying and separating

sound patterns, is the most common form of therapy . . . .”

25. (E) Paragraph 4: “Improvements in visual focus can sometimes be achieved

when students are given an eye patch to wear while they learn to read.”

26. (F) Paragraph 4: “Some teachers find that having students listen to a book on

tape before reading the text can help with information processing as well.”

PASSAGE 3

27. (K) Paragraph A: “French geologist Baron Georges Cuvier introduced this

idea

28. (F) Paragraph A: “the popular theory among Earth scientists was that a number

of major catastrophes had taken place over a relatively short period of time

to give Earth its shape.”

29. (A) Paragraph A: “The catastrophe theory was used to support the notion that

the Earth's history was not a relatively long one.”

30. (G) Paragraph B: “James Hutton, the father of geology, is best known for his

gradualist theory,

31. (B ) Paragraph B: “the idea that small changes on Earth occurred over a large

expanse of time.”

32. (D ) Paragraph B: “the idea that small changes on Earth occurred over a large

expanse of time.”

33. (E) The topic sentence for paragraph E is “Events that have occurred on

Earth in the last 100 years or more have proved to geologists that not all

processes are gradual.”

34. (D ) “According to their hypothesis, the iridium in the K-T boundary was

caused by an asteroid or a comet that hit Earth

35. (B ) “Hutton published Theory o f the Earth in 1795 . . . .”

36. (D) “the discovery in 1990 of a 180-kilometer crater in Mexico’s Yucatan

Peninsula, a potential piece of evidence of the asteroid impact.”

37. (E) “Some scientists believe that animal remains found within the layers of

sedimentary rock may have been casualties of the flood.”

38. (C) “In 1980, a discovery in Italy gave scientists a reason to reconsider the discarded

theories of catastrophism.”

39. (E) “In addition, some scientists propose that the glacial sheet that once

spread out across North America melted catastrophically rather than having a

slow glacial retreat.”

40. (C) Paragraph F: “Though there is little debate that catastrophic events caused

the mass extinction of several of Earth’s species, namely the dinosaurs . . . .”

Choice (A) is incorrect because paragraph E discusses evidence that this theory is

not correct. Choice (B) is confused with the debate over whether the moon was

formed through a series of catastrophic events.