Answer Explanation

1. (C) Paragraph 1: “Dragonflies and damselflies get their name from the

powerful serrated jaws they use to tear apart their prey.”

2. (B) Paragraph 2: “Dragonflies hold their wings out to the side while damselflies

fold their wings back.”

3. (B) Paragraph 2: “Damselflies’ eyes are smaller, and there is a space

between them.”

4. (A) Paragraph 2: “Dragonflies are larger and stronger animals than damselflies

and fly longer distances. Thus, they can be found in woods and

fields away from the water.”

5. (C) Paragraph 3: “The largest odonata living today are the Hawaiian

endemic dragonfly and the Central American damselfly, each of these

species having a wingspan of 19 centimeters.”

6. (A) Paragraph 3: “The largest dragonfly fossil ever found belongs to the

now-extinct meganeura monyi, which lived 300 million years ago and had

a wingspan of 75 centimeters.”

7. (E) Paragraph 4: “Dragonflies and damselflies both lay their eggs on or

just below the surface of the water in a pond or stream.”

8. (F) Paragraph 4: “The babies emerge from the eggs in the form of nymphs.”

9. (H) Paragraph 4: “Depending on the species, they live this way for several

months or even several years.”

10. (B) Paragraph 4: “They have a special lip that they can extend far forward

in order to grab their prey when it comes close.”

11. (I) Paragraph 4: “The adults do not live for more than four months, and

many species live as adults for only a few weeks.”

12. (D) Paragraph 5: “They have two sets of wings that can move independently

of each other. This gives them great maneuverability in the air . . . . They can

hover, make sharp turns, and fly backward.”

13. (A) Paragraph 5: “they catch their prey while flying.”

PASSAGE 2

14. fuel. Paragraph 1: “Watchmen also learned to create firebreaks with long

hooked poles and ropes in order to pull down structures that provided fuel

for a fire.”

15. put out. Paragraph 1: “In 1066, in order to reduce the risk of fire in

thatched-roof houses, King William the Conqueror made a ruling:

Citizens had to extinguish their cooking fires at night.”

16. hot and dry. Paragraph 2: “However, the summer of 1666 had been

uncharacteristically hot and dry

17. rebuild the city. Paragraph 2: “the mayor grew concerned over the cost it

would involve to rebuild the city and ordered that the surrounding structures

be left intact.”

18. stone and brick. Paragraph 3: “most of London was rebuilt using stone and

brick, materials that were far less flammable than wood and straw.”

19. fires. Paragraph 3: “Because of the long history of fires in London, those

who could afford to build new homes and businesses began to seek insurance

for their properties.”

20. extinguish fires. Paragraph 3: “As insurance became a profitable business,

companies soon realized the monetary benefits of hiring men to extinguish

fires.”

21. (A) Paragraph 4: “The first fire engines were simple tubs on wheels that

were pulled to the location of the fire . . . .” Choice (B) is incorrect because

hand pumps were added “eventually,” that is, later. Choice (C) is incorrect

because water was “supplied by a bucket brigade.”

22. (C) Paragraph 5: “In 1865, the government became involved, . . . . establishing

London's Metropolitan Fire Brigade. Choice (A) is mentioned in

the same paragraph but not as something that occurred in 1865. Choice (B)

is mentioned as something that happened in the eighteenth century or

earlier.

23. (B) Paragraph 5: “Though the firemen were well paid, they were constantly

on duty and thus obliged to call their fire station home . . . .” Choice (A) is

incorrect because the paragraph mentions that firemen were well paid.

Choice (C) is incorrect because the paragraph mentions firemen’s families.

24. No. Paragraph 6: “Leather hoses with couplings that joined the lengths

together were hand-sewn in the Netherlands

25. Yes. Paragraph 6 explains that steam engine fire trucks were used from

about the 1850s until the early 1900s, when the trucks became motorized.

26. Not Given. World War I is mentioned, but its particular effect on London

is not.

PASSAGE 3

27. (B) Paragraph 1: “Weavers’ work was moved from individual homes to factories;

individuals could not afford to buy the new machines for themselves.”

28. (H) Paragraph 1: “The new machines were not difficult to run. They

could be operated by unskilled workers

29. (D) Paragraph 2: “If these demands were not met, the group retaliated by

smashing the factory machines.”

30. (A) Paragraph 4: “Luddite activity spread . . . . The government sent

thousands of troops into areas affected by the riots.”

31. (E) Paragraph 4: “the Frame-Breaking Act was passed, making the

destruction of factory equipment a crime punishable by death.”

Paragraphs 4 and 5 mention several incidents where rioters were imprisoned

or executed.

32. (I) Paragraph 5: “In 1816, a bad harvest and economic downturn led to

a small revival of rioting.”

33. True. Opening sentence: “The term Luddite is used to refer to a person

who is opposed to new technology.”

34. True. Paragraph 1: “These weavers made lace and stockings by

hand . . . . In the 1800s, automated power looms and stocking frames were

introduced

35. True. Paragraph 4: “In the spring of that year, several factory owners were

killed during Luddite riots, and a number of textile workers died as well.”

36. Not Given. The article describes Luddite activity in England but does not

mention whether it occurred in other countries.

37. True. Paragraph 3 discusses possible explanations of who Ned Ludd was

and implies that none of them is accepted as fact.

38. False. Paragraph 5: “In 1816, a bad harvest and economic downturn led

to a small revival of rioting.”

39. False. According to Paragraphs 2 and 5, most Luddite activity occurred in

the years 1811 and 1812.

40. Not Given. Paragraph 6 describes Neo-Luddites as people concerned about

technological advances but does not give any specifics about their activities.